It's Never Too Early to Pursue Referrals

When you have a sizable book, you have the advantage of existing client relationships you can draw on to launch and propel a referral strategy. Clients know and trust you, and they may be more comfortable recommending you to friends and associates.

But what about if you're just starting out or getting back into the swing of things and don't have many clients yet? Jim A., a rookie advisor, had this on his mind when he asked Bob David, leader of the Automatic Referrals Jumpstart Program, “I have only been in the industry a couple of months and I don't have any clients yet. Is [a referral strategy] going to help me start building my client base?” Without a big book to field client advocates from, is it worthwhile to pursue a referral strategy?

The short answer is, absolutely. Just because you don't have a large client base to leverage, doesn't mean you're bereft of resources.

“Remember,” says Bob, “while you don't have a client base yet, you probably know far more people than you think.” Additionally, he offers three methods new advisors can use to build their books and increase referral potential:

• 1. Research tells us that the most important factor in a new client choosing to do business with an advisor is not level of experience—it’s chemistry.
• 2. While you don't yet have a "track record,” you do have a narrative of some kind based on your own life story that can be just as compelling. Why did you get into this industry? What have you done in the past that can translate into success as an advisor?
• 3. Focus on your strengths. What can you do better than the competition even though you have less experience? Clients tell us that listening, for example, is extremely important in their advisor relationship. How about specializing in helping a specific niche based on your past experience? I know a very successful advisor that parlayed his experience with selling surgical products to surgeons to being a FA to surgeons.

It's nice to have a book of clients and strong relationships to draw on when pursuing referrals, but it's far from necessary. Don't wait for future conditions to grant some kind of credibility you think you need. You have your own strengths and knowledge to offer clients and their associates right now.

Making the Switch to Target Marketing

Newly independent advisor Tom H. of San Luis Obispo, CA wanted to jumpstart his new business by concentrating on referrals and using target marketing to channel his message. "It has occurred to me that I don't have a defined target market," he wrote. "Yes, I have a book of business, and it includes many retired individuals as well as young business owners and random individuals."

But Tom had doubts about the approach, specifically a fear about alienating prospects with a specialized marketing message that didn't fit them: "At the risk of not maintaining a target market, I don't want to leave out possible clients.  Is this a sound approach?"

He addressed his concern to Bob David, Horsesmouth Director of Advisor programs and leader of the Automatic Referrals Jumpstart Program. Here was Bob's response:

"I understand how it can be a bit overwhelming to try to tackle too many things at once, especially after going independent. Having grown up in a small University town myself, I know there are some unique challenges. Here are a few thoughts:

• Keep in mind that having a target market does not mean abandoning the clients you have that have been loyal to you as you've changed firms. This would be a de-motivator for you for obvious reasons. It just means that when it comes to your pro-active efforts, you will begin focusing on the needs of your "ideal client" or "target market."
• It is very important to identify your "ideal client." It can be tough, but keep drilling down. Remember that success leaves clues, so start with a hard look at those retirees and inheritors. What do they have in common? What did they do before they retired? Are they affiliated with the University? Or the government? What is the demographic profile—are they men or women? What age? What are their affiliations, passions, hobbies, etc..?
• Consider going one step further and doing a "SWOT" analysis: S—What are your relative Strengths in your market? W—What are your relative Weaknesses? O—What are the Opportunities perhaps overlooked by your competition? T—What are the Threats to your practice? (Could be aging clients, lack of a consistent advisory process, service quality, etc...)
• Consider derivatives of the more obvious categories and maybe move beyond your borders. For example, "Family Owned Funeral Home Operators" throughout CA or retired college professors or retired football coaches, etc...

At first, target marketing can seem daunting, but if you do some digging like Bob suggests, in the end it's a rather natural extension.

For more on target marketing and SWOT analysis, see these Horsesmouth (free registration required) articles:

How to Pick a Lucrative Niche

Many advisors think that by keeping their options open to all potential business they won't miss an opportunity. But the opposite is true. A focused, rich niche can be far more effective. Here's how to develop a niche over the course of the year.

6 Rules to Guide Your SWOT Analysis

SWOT stands for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. In order for your marketing plan to work, you must honestly assess your practice in these four areas. If not, you risk failing in your efforts to grow your business.

The ABCs of Automatic Referrals: Network Mapping and the Six Degrees of Separation

Everyone has heard of the concept of Six Degrees of Separation—the idea that through our networks of acquaintances, none of us is more than 6 steps removed from everyone else on the planet.  I  saw a great TV documentary a couple of years ago called "The Human Chain" that set out to prove (or disprove) that theory. 

The producers asked two very well-to-do people in New York City to try to locate a man neither of them knew, using only social contacts.  The only thing they were given was his name and photograph and the information that he lived in Brooklyn—which every New Yorker knows can be very far removed from the Upper East and Upper West sides of Manhattan, where the subjects lived—and that he was a boxer at a particular gym. They were not allowed to Google him or use any other means of research to find him. The only way they were allowed to seek him out was through their existing social networks—by asking people they knew who they thought might be able to lead them in the right direction.

As it turned out, both subjects managed to get introduced to this young man within two days.  One turned out to be four degrees removed from their target—the other, five. 

Then, the producers asked the young man to do the same thing in reverse: find a way to use his existing network to get introduced to a Broadway dancer who was starring in "A Chorus Line."  He never thought he would be able to do it—but as it turned out, he was also able to accomplish the task within 4 social hops. 

It was a fascinating show. One of the biggest take-homes for me is that you simply can't make assumptions about who people know.  Advisors frequently make the mistake of assuming that only wealthy clients can introduce them to other wealthy people.  That is a fallacy.  In fact, Horsesmouth has found that advisors' best referrals often come from their "C" clients.  We all know a LOT of people.  If I challenged you right now to find a connection through your existing network to a prominent or high-profile person in your community, I will almost guarantee that you could think of a pathway to get you there within just a few leaps.

But the only way you will ever uncover these connections is by "mapping the network" of your clients and other referral sources.  A network map lets you visualize who your client knows, so you can plan your next move.  If you know who your clients know, you can both uncover great new referral possibilities AND find connections through your clients to people you already know you want to meet. 

You know the old saying that you can't map a route if you don't know your destination?  Likewise, you can't get a steady stream of high-quality referrals if you don't understand who you want to meet, why you want to meet them, and who you know who might be able to introduce you to those types of prospects.

This is the heart of the Automatic Referrals process: gathering information about who your clients know, identifying potential prospects within those networks, and then asking for introductions to those people. Do your homework. Take your time. Find out who your clients know.  Then you can identify the acquaintances you want to meet—and ask your clients to introduce you.

The ABCs of Automatic Referrals: K is for K.I.S.S. (Keep It Simple and Specific)

How many times have you asked for referrals and heard the reply, "I’m sorry, I can’t think of anyone off the top of my head?" I bet it’s a lot.

Advisors tend to assume that the reason for dismal results like these is that their referral sources are reluctant to provide names. While this may occasionally be true, the "I don’t know anyone" response is much more often the result of asking referral sources to work too hard.

Our brains are essentially databases that we scan when we need to retrieve information. When you ask a client for a referral, she has to scan her entire "database" of acquaintances (which numbers in the hundreds, at least) and then narrow down the possibilities to come up with one or two names, all in a matter of minutes. Chances are she’s going to draw a blank. 

That's why, when you ask for a referral, you have to give clients some simple and specific details to help them define and target their "search."

Let’s say one of your fellow members of the Chamber of Commerce, Mr. Jones, owns a busy café on your town’s main drag and is an active member of the state restaurant association. And restaurant equipment suppliers just happen to be one of your target markets. If you ask Mr. Jones the generic question, "Can you think of anyone else who could benefit from my services?" it probably won't even occur to him to look in the "suppliers" section of his mental database. But how about if you get very specific? What if you were to say, "I have a number of clients who own equipment supply firms, and I've done a lot of work helping them with setting up 401(k)s for their companies and preparing to sell their businesses (free registration required) when they're ready to retire. Do you think you could introduce me to some of the suppliers you deal with, so I can find out if they might need that type of help?"

Mr. Jones now knows precisely which mental file cabinet to open. And that file drawer just may contain some stellar referrals for you.

Want More Referrals? Get a Niche.

There is a long, long list of reasons that you should consider narrowing your focus and choosing one or more niche markets to serve. On just about every measure you can think of, from production and assets to pure satisfaction and enjoyment of the job, Horsesmouth's research has found that niche advisors are more successful than generalists.  But for our purposes, there is one especially compelling reason to "niche up": you're quite likely to get more referrals.

In their survey of more than 2,100 advisors, Horsesmouth asked the question, "Are you getting more referrals since you started working in your niche?"  Check out this chart.

   

It's hard to argue with those results.

Read The Advisor N-Factor, a Horsesmouth special report, and learn more about why niche marketing is so powerful and how you can start marketing to your perfect niche—and rev up your referral results along the way.

The Five-Minute Referral Secret

Here's the shortest great referral idea you'll ever get, courtesy of the Golden Practices blog:

"Find your five favorite clients.  Take them to dinner.  Don’t let them leave until they answer this question:  What can I do to get more clients like you?"

I know an advisor who started using this approach after going through the Automatic Referrals Jumpstart program.  Dennis words it a bit differently, but the idea is the same: "How do I find more of you?" 

He asked one of his favorite clients this question; she was delighted and complimented, and soon thereafter referred him to the man she was dating, who is the executive of a corporation.  Dennis got his accounts.

Now, this gets hard to follow, but next, she referred him to the son of her ex-husband, who is an executive at Microsoft, and his wife. Dennis got that account too.  Then the son's wife introduced him to her parents, who are a very wealthy retired doctor and mathematician.  He got that account too.  When he was telling me this story, he said, "This one million dollar account will be worth $20 million when it's done."

Can you afford NOT to try this great idea?  (Oh, and if you want to take it to the next level, consider a client advisory board (free registration required).

How Can I Get Clients to Refer Up Instead of Down?

L.H., an independent in Montana, emailed last week and asked:

"I get many referrals to lower quality prospects. How can I get 'referred up' rather than'referred down?'"

It's a great question. There are two pieces to the answer.

The best way to get referred to the type of clients you want is to take control of the process: by asking directly for introductions to specific people your clients know, rather than waiting for them to suggest names.  Automatic Referrals teaches a process called "network mapping" that helps you match the types of prospects you want with the people your clients know, and then ask for introductions to those people. 

This is the referral method that the most successful advisors use.  It gives you much more control over your referral flow, and also makes it much easier to make contact with and make a good impression on referred prospects.

However, the reality is that sometimes clients will provide unsolicited referrals, and you want those prospects to be qualified.  The best way to deal with this is to make sure that you are properly educating your clients about your business and the types of clients with whom you work. Don’t assume that clients know your areas of specialty, specialized services you may offer, account minimums, etc.  You can educate them in casual conversations, in marketing materials, in your newsletter, or by discussing it with some standard language during client reviews.   And, to the greatest extent possible, it's good to train clients to check in with you before making a referral.

Here’s one example of how you might phrase this, either in a meeting or in language you include in a client letter or newsletter:

"A number of my valued clients have been kind enough to ask if I am accepting new clients.  I am always grateful for your trust in recommending me to friends and family members.  At present, I am able to take on new clients in two specific areas: business owners who are seeking the opportunity to sell or transfer their business, and corporate executives who are within five years of retiring.  If you have someone in mind who may be looking for this type of financial advice, please call the office. If I am not the most appropriate choice to provide the help they need, I will always try to recommend another advisor who would be suitable."

On a related note, if you are going to turn away underqualified referrals (which is entirely appropriate and necessary from time to time), make it a point to identify one or more other advisors to whom you will feel comfortable referring those referrals—advisors who will appreciate their business, and provide them with quality service.

Meeting "Ivy League Moms" by referral

According to HNW Wealth News, researchers have uncovered a brand-new demographic niche: "Ivy League Moms."   These are highly educated women who have left high-powered careers to stay at home with the kids for a while.  They're affluent, they are quite involved with the finances in their households—and guess how you need to find them? 

Yup.

Direct mail "won't work" to drum up business" in this niche, according to consultant Ekaterina Walsh, the author of the study. "Ivy League moms tend to use referrals to pursue most of their needs, whether for hairdressers, doctors or schools."

Walsh goes on to explain that special events can be quite effective with this demographic segment,

"but they have to be 'made over,' Walsh says. Going to a local restaurant will work if it's painted as a night away from the kids, and providing childcare for the event is a plus. These women crave adult conversation, so tacking on a cooking class, book discussion or even a second workshop based around their issues, such as re-entering the workforce, can draw their attention."

Take a glance at your client list. Do you have any "Ivy League Moms" in your book?  If so, you can bet they know others just like them.  If you have even a few, consider a special "invite a friend" event. Think about holding it in a unique place (free registration required), and/or partnering with another businessperson (what about a spa owner? High-end hair stylist?  vineyard owner?) to make it special and memorable and make your guests feel pampered. That's something stay-at-home mothers also crave!

You can also try a daytime event at a location where children can come along, but make childcare available.  Partner with the owner of a high-end toy store or children's clothing store, for example, or a Gymboree franchise.

The article describes some specific financial topics that may appeal to this demographic.  And don't forget that many "Ivy League Moms" have started part-time businesses from home, too, so this niche could still work for you, even if small business advice is your real area of expertise.

Finally, while you should always acknowledge client referrals, Walsh's research found that a nice "thank-you" is especially important with this group.

"Any referrals these moms send the adviser's way must be rewarded. 'Send a thank you card and maybe offer them a free trial of an ID-theft protection service or waive fees on the account for three months,' Walsh says. 'Any client would appreciate that, but it's a short cut to the heart of Ivy League moms.'"

Interested in this niche? Here are some additional resources that you may find useful (free registration required):

Case Study: Wine Tasting—How to Attract Affluent Clients
This top producer is sipping the rewards of a recent dinner and wine-tasting campaign, which yielded more than $15 million in new business. Not bad for a couple of hours of networking and less than $1,200 in marketing expenses.

Rookie Case Study: How to Build a Niche Serving Women Investors
When this successful insurance advisor made the leap into full-fledged financial planning, she focused on building a specialized practice for women. Here'show the rookie is making it work.

Money Clubs—A New Way to Reach Women Investors
Looking for a way to tap into the women's market? The new Money Clubs could be the resource you need. Here's how to get involved.

Referral Clinic: "My best clients are using me up!"

We're continuing to revisit some of the great questions we received during our Referral Clinic and Blogathon in May and June.

Today's question comes from Carol, a wirehouse advisor in Englewood, CO, and will be answered by Katherine Vessenes, JD, CFP®, RFC. Katherine is president of Vestment Advisors and the country's leading authority on building a multimillion-dollar practice.

Carol asks: My ideal client has said I have been spectacularly successful in getting them to consolidate, assess and plan. Our investments have done very well. My problem is they believe if I have fewer clients, I will have more time to attend to them—and they have inquiries nearly every month which require research. I need to tell them I will not BE IN the business if I do not service more clients in the $3M range-just like them. How do I say they are using me up, which is short-term helpful to them, but long term means they will be with a different advisor?

Katherine Vessenes replies: Carol, I have two thoughts about your dilemma.

First, you might not be feeling so burned out if you felt like you were getting compensated for your time. Many years ago I learned an important lesson while practicing law and trying to keep the difficult clients happy: I would just raise my fees until I fell in love with them again. Consider using your RIA to charge fees or raise them for the level of service you are providing.

Second—if that doesn't work, then go to plan B: I would invite them to be part of your informal client advisory board. (Although this technique will work with just this client, it would be better in a small group of similar clients.)

Call them and tell them you would like to invite them to a dinner party and get their feedback on a couple of things because you really value their advice and are seeking some ideas about your business.

Start the meeting off by describing your ideal client. Then get the discussion going by asking the clients what they think the ideal client would like about your current level of service, and what they think you should change. Take copious notes, of course. Then ask them for suggestions on how to get more referrals to this group.  Good ways to phrase this are: if you were me, how would you approach this group? Can you give me some specific suggestions? If you are really bold, you might say: some of my clients have been hesitant to give me referrals even though they really like my services. What am I doing wrong?

Two things should happen after this meeting: you should have a great marketing plan to your ideal client, and your existing clients should be much more motivated to give you referrals.

Good luck and let me know how it works out for you.

Got questions or thoughts about today's challenge or the response? Post a comment!

How a $300 million advisor used referrals to build a niche business

Horsesmouth editor Nicole Coulter published a great case study today about Dominic Musso, a now-retired wirehouse advisor who built a $300 million practice in a targeted niche, all through referral. 

In a nutshell, here's the approach that Musso used:

Tell the niche members about your plan to serve other members of the niche and ask for their opinion on reaching out to that group. "Ask for help formulating a round-table agenda that would be attractive to other members of the niche," [business coach David] Leo says. "You want to go into a round-table meeting knowing some of the concerns of the group."

Musso, who attracted more than 800 oil industry clients over a 15-year period, concurs: "Take one person or couple in the niche. Take them out to dinner and learn everything about them. Identify issues beyond investments that could pose problems for them," he says. "When you focus on knowing your client, and identifying their issues-if you do that with one couple, that couple can eventually take you to 12 other people. The more you satisfy them by making them happy and demonstrating your interest in their welfare, and teaching them what they need to know about their life, the numbers get bigger and bigger."

The article goes into much more explicit detail about the "how" behind this prospecting-by-introduction approach and considers how it could work for a less experienced advisor struggling to break into a new niche. 

You can read the entire case study (free registration required) here:

Case Study: How to Crack Hard-to-Enter Niche Markets